The Project Management Professional ( Pmp ) Essay

The Project Management Professional (PMP) is one of the few certification categories where bonus pay is still climbing upward. â€Å"Bonus pay awarded to PMP certificate holders grew by 15% in the second quarter (Moad, J. (2003)†. â€Å"At least, it is when you re talking about bonus pay or impressing hiring managers. After all, there s nothing like the letters PMP (Project Management Professional) plastered on a resume to catch some attention†. While the PMP certification is marketed to professionals holding college degrees, the question remains unanswered, is if fair to say, â€Å"professionals meeting the academic qualifications, can in fact, pass the PMP exam†? It depends on how bad they want it. In this day and age where everyone is doing what ever it takes to get an advantage over the next person so that they can receive the elusive job or promotion. It use to be just an advance degree was sufficient enough to separate your self from the crowd. Now it would seem that every one has an advance degree at least a great deal of the population that is competing for jobs have advance degrees. Especially in the Information technology field you have to do something to stand out from the rest of the people. There are many different certifications in the information technology field but now as elusive as the Project Management Professionals certification. The Project Management Professional (PMP) certification is one of the most prestigious certifications in search of,Show MoreRelatedPMI’s Project Management Professional (PMP) credential is the most important industry-recognized certification for project managers1642 Words   |  7 Pages Answer 1) PMI’s Project Management Professional (PMP) credential is the most important industry-recognized certification for project managers. Globally recognized and demanded, the PMP ® demonstrates that you have the experience, education and competency to lead and direct projects. The steps involved in acquiring a PMP credential are 1) Application Submission: We have 90 days to complete the application, once we have started. 2) Application Completeness review: After application has beenRead MoreWhy We Need Pmp Certification717 Words   |  3 PagesPMP is one of the most highly recognized and high value certifications in the market. Unlike other certifications, PMP can not be just passed through reading and memorizing the books. You should have a well plan and preparation to clear the exam. That is the reason PMP exam is having more value in the market. Why we need PMP certification? During the last 10 years, there has been a shift towards specialized certifications globally. Although it is important to get a proper college degree, but theRead MoreProject Management : A Project Manager1747 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Project management (PM) is the vocation of seeing that projects are completed on time, within budget, and perform to the standard that the stakeholders are expecting. There are PM degrees available at the Associate, Bachelor, Graduate, and Ph.D. levels of study; degrees are available on campus and online from many well-known and highly rated institutes. However, many employers view the Project Management Professional (PMP) certificate as even more important than a degree. Project managersRead MorePmi, Or Project Management, The World s Biggest Non Profit Membership Association For Profession987 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is PMI? The PMI, or Project Management Institute, the world’s biggest non-profit membership association for profession of project management. PMI is actively engaged in advocacy for the profession, setting professional standards, conducting research and providing access to a wealth of information and resources. PMI also promotes career and professional and offers certification, networking and community involvement opportunities. For more than 46 years, it has advanced the careers of practitionersRead MoreThe Importance of Training Project Managers725 Words   |  3 Pagescomplex projects are deemed unsuccessful because project managers that do not have the proper training on managing projects and end up mismanage them (Kwak, Anbari, 2009). As companies realized this, they started to research the various attributes that contributed to project failures, however in many cases the people running the projects were not examined. In the 1990s, certain industries noticed that many project managers needed to be properly trained and since then require that project managersRead MoreGrowing Project Complexity Demands More Efficient Way For Managing Communication And Workflows873 Words   |  4 PagesGrowing project complexity demands more efficient way to manage communication and workflows. Collaboration became central to the PM and having a software that allows project artifacts to be created easily shared and updated , that provides web-based access and critical function such as automatic distribution and notification are crucial to enhance the productivity . Agile project management that has been given as much attention in the recent years is in growing popularity for the next decades. SlightlyRead MorePmp Certification Training : Project Management Essay878 Words   |  4 PagesPMP Certification Training Denver At PMTC, our Denver PMP Certification Exam Prep Training Class is the bellwether of Project Management Professional (PMP) prep courses. With a focus on the Project Management Institute’s (PMI) PMBOK Guide, our instructors lead a 4-day training session designed to help project managers understand and recall all the process groups, knowledge areas, and the interactions between the two throughout the project management lifecycle. We Simplify the Project ManagementRead MoreCertification Requirements For Project Management Essay849 Words   |  4 Pages CompTIA Project+ is a globally recognized certification for project managers. It is a requirement for many companies hiring project managers. The certification gives an employee credit amongst stakeholders and customers. It also helps in promotions or maybe getting a better paycheck than someone who does not have the certification. Standing out and shining in a career is important and CompTIA will do that for you in this field. All this goes for PMP certification too. In fact, Project + is a greatRead MoreA Survey On Technology Industry Association1041 Words   |  5 PagesCertifications don’t just look impressive to hang on your office wall. They can make the difference that lands to the next job. A survey of technology processionals showed that it pays to be both cleared and certified. Average salaries for certified clear professionals between ten an d twenty percent higher. So why IT security knowledge is important? It is well known that threats to our data, be it commercial or personas have been on a rise recently. The best defense against such threats is to be well informedRead MoreProject Analysis : Comptia Project + And Pmp928 Words   |  4 Pages CompTIA Project+ VS PMP Kim, Han Saem University Of Mount Olive CompTIA is a non-profit industry that certifies individuals so it can supply trained employees to a demanding computing information technology industry. CompTIA provides multiple selections of certifications such as, A+, Network+, Security+, CASP +, Server +, and more in order to prepare the individuals for the workforce. The CompTIA Project +, which is one of the popular certification on compTIA, is an exam designed

Erickson - 888 Words

Erikson s theory of personality Main article: Erikson s stages of psychosocial development Erikson was a Neo-Freudian. He has been described as an ego psychologist studying the stages of development, spanning the entire lifespan. Each of Erikson s stages of psychosocial development is marked by a conflict for which successful resolution will result in a favourable outcome, and by an important event that this conflict resolves itself around. Favorable outcomes of each stage are sometimes known as virtues, a term used in the context of Erikson s work as it is applied to medicine, meaning potencies. Erikson s research suggests that each individual must learn how to hold both extremes of each specific life-stage†¦show more content†¦3.Purpose - Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool / 3–6 years - Does the child have the ability to or do things on their own, such as dress him or herself? If guilty about making his or her own choices, the child will not function well. Erikson has a positive outlook on this stage, saying that most guilt is quickly compensated by a sense of accomplishment. 4.Competence - Industry vs. Inferiority - School-age / 6-11. Child comparing self-worth to others (such as in a classroom environment). Child can recognize major disparities in personal abilities relative to other children. Erikson places some emphasis on the teacher, who should ensure that children do not feel inferior. 5.Fidelity - Identity vs. Role Confusion - Adolescent / 12 years till 20. Questioning of self. Who am I, how do I fit in? Where am I going in life? Erikson believes, that if the parents allow the child to explore, they will conclude their own identity. However, if the parents continually push him/her to conform to their views, the teen will face identity confusion. 6.Intimacy vs. isolation - This is the first stage of adult development. This development usually happens during young adulthood, which is between the ages of 20 to 24. Dating, marriage, family a nd friendships are important during the stage in their life. By successfully forming loving relationships with other people, individuals are able to experience love and intimacy. Those who fail to form lastingShow MoreRelatedErickson: The Stages of Development954 Words   |  4 Pages Erickson Stages Erickson thought development was not gradual and and occurred through steps kind of like Freud. His steps were based on biological maturation, important new knowledge, and conflicts. He developed eight steps that focused on the changing of personality and developing your identity. Erickson developments stages differed from Freuds because Erickson focused on social environment and not sexual drives. Erickson believed that each stage in a person life that have to over come aRead More`` Precious `` By Erik Erickson818 Words   |  4 PagesClaireece â€Å"Precious â€Å"Jones is 16 years old. According to her age she is Identity vs. Identity Confusion stage of development according to Erik Erickson. This stage occurs during adolescence between the ages of approximately 12 to 18. Teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity. During this stage, adolescents explore their independence and develop a sense of self (Cherry, 2015). In the beginning Precious did not have a sense of Identity. Precious was disoriented as she was failingRead MoreErickson s Theory Of Development1382 Words   |  6 PagesErickson has developed a psychosocial theory, which was modeled on Freud s model of psychosexual theory. Erickson s theory extends the number of life stages in order to encompass the entire life. Erickson expanded the principles of psychosocial development beyond childhood and theorized that the ego itself is shaped and transformed not only by biological and psychological forces, but also social factors. This was a new perspective because Freud s theory didn t use any other factors for developmentRead MoreAnalysis Of Erick Erickson Theory748 Words   |  3 PagesErick Erickson was one of the most profound theorists of psychosocial development which are comprised of eight stages. His concepts were the ones I could identify with prior to taking Human Growth and Development course. This theory is based on the stages in which certain types of conflicts a re being resolved which trigger conflicts at various stages. My knowledge of Erick Erickson is he placed high emphasizes on the impact culture and society has on the ego logical level. Before taking Human GrowthRead MoreEssay on Freud V Erickson1371 Words   |  6 Pagesterms as the desire to release mental energy. This lasts until puberty, when mature genital development begins, and the pleasure drive refocuses around the genital area.(Amacher) It was also a friend and fellow psychoanalyst of Freud’s, Erik Erickson, who created one of the major theories that open a window to the development of everything that makes us who we are on the inside. It is referred to as Erickson’s Theory of Human Development and it simplifies the complex topic of human personalityRead MoreErick Erickson : Identity And Identity1885 Words   |  8 Pages Erick Erickson, identity was the core issue, his own sense of self were complex. His attractive mother Karla Abrahamsen, she was Danish from a very comfortable, middle class Jewish family. On their honeymoon in Rome, she parted from her first husband. He traveled abroad and she never seen him again. Erickson was born a few years later in Germany in 1902, where she stayed with some aunts. Erickson never knew who his biological father was. His mother would never tell them (Erick Erickson, sharperRead MoreErickson ´s Identity Formation617 Words   |  2 PagesAccording to Eriks on (1950), identity formation is a period during adolescence (starting in puberty to late teens and towards early/middle adulthood) where one experiences a crisis (a choice). During this crisis, adolescents are making choices about their ideology (the ways in which they view the world) and their career (who are they going to be in the world). Adolescence is also characterized by the commitments and personal investments one makes to these choices. This is a crucial point in one’sRead MoreThe, The Hungry Cowboy, By Karla A. Erickson Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION: Does the race/ethnicity of Saint Mary’s students affect the interactions to the Sodexo workers? This question was inspired through a book called, The Hungry Cowboy, by Karla A. Erickson, who participated in her own observations in a restaurant viewing the social interactions among the people in the restaurant. The idea of observing and participating in social observations involved more than just asking people questions or sending out a survey, it is actively being a part of the observationRead MoreErik Erickson s Theory Of Development1015 Words   |  5 PagesErik Erickson’s Theory of Development Erickson does not discuss psychosexual stages like Freud, but rather, psychosocial stages. There are eight different stages in this development theory, which may seem like a lot, but it delves deep into multiple stages and ages of life. Similar to Freud, he believes that a crisis happens at each stage of development, â€Å"these crises are of a psychosocial nature because they involve psychological needs of the individual (i.e. psycho) conflicting with the needsRead MorePsychological and Physical Aspects of Hypnosis and the Role of Relaxation in Hypnotherapy2052 Words   |  9 Pagesinfluence. Hypnosis can be used in many ways such as stage entertainment, therapy and as a means of investigation. For example Milton Erickson who is known as the father of modern hypnosis said â€Å"You use hypnosis not as a cure but as a means of establishing a favourable climate in which to learn.† (1 Erickson http://pfti.org/great-teachers/milton-erickson-2/milton-erickson-quotes/), this is a great way of looking at the use of hypnosis in therapy. Hypnosis is still very much clouded by scepticism and

The Government Of India Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(73) " of 1972 empowers the province authorities to represent national Parkss\." India, our fatherland, is a colossal state both in footings of its topography and history. Its measuring is so titanic that it is frequently described as a ‘sub-continent ‘ portion of the Asiatic continent and yet looking like a continent in itself. It sprawls between the white highs of the Himalaya and the shores of the Indian Ocean, which washes the land for 1000s of kilometers from the delta of the Ganga in West Bengal to Kachchh in Gujarat, a small to the E of the oral cavity of the Indus. We will write a custom essay sample on The Government Of India Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The land encompasses the huge sweeps of the northern fields, the littorals of the Thar on the West, Indo-Myanmar hills on the E, the uneven tableland surface, the antediluvian hills and the coconut bring forthing coastal fields on the South and the exalted snow-capped mountains on the North. The state gets an abundant of sunlight from the tropical Sun and the wet from the sprinkling monsoon rains. The two elements together exercising enormous influence on the fate of its pullulating 1000000s. This is India, our fatherland, the dispenser of our fate with astonishing steadiness, disputing stage, and still changing like the agreements in a kaleidoscope. PROTECTED AREAS: The Government of India enacted Wild Life ( Protection ) Act 1972 with the aim of efficaciously protecting the wild life of this state and to command poaching, smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its derived functions, the Act was amended in January 2003 and penalty and punishment for offenses under the Act have been made more rigorous, the Ministry has proposed farther amendments in the jurisprudence by presenting more stiff steps to beef up the Act with an aim of supplying protection to the endangered vegetations and zoologies and ecologically of import protected countries[ 1 ]. Protected country is a wide term given chiefly to national Parkss and wildlife sanctuaries meant for affording protection to wild animate beings and their home ground. They besides comprise game militias and biosphere militias. Protected countries have been set up all over the universe with the unambiguous purpose of guarding and conserving zoologies and vegetations. In India excessively these have been set up in assorted parts of the state. The thought of making protected countries for conserving and protecting wild animate beings and their home ground is non new to India. In ancient times excessively male monarchs and other swayers set aside game preserves though these were meant more for runing than for protecting wild animate beings. Even during the British period many swayers had hiting conserves which were subsequently accorded the position of protected countries, e.g. Bharatpur national park. Many protected countries have been created after the passage of Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. The province authoritiess are empowered to represent national Parkss and wildlife sanctuaries. The cardinal authorities has been armed with more powers under the 42nd constitutional amendment with respects to woods and wildlife. It is a well-accepted fact that at least 5 % of the entire geographical country of India should be set aside as protected country for best consequences so far as wildlife is concerned. Policy formation for the wildlife protection and preservation is made by National Board for Wildlife ( NBWL ) , which is headed by the Prime Minister of India. In order to underscore the people ‘s engagement and their support to protect wildlife a National Wildlife Action Plan ( 2002-2016 ) was adopted in 2002. The policies and be aftering on wildlife preservation, is really much guided by the Federal Ministry and every bit far as Forests Departments are concerned they play a really important function in the execution of the policies for the preservation of wildlife. A web of 668 Protected Areas ( PAs ) has been established, widening over 1,61,221.57 sq. kilometer. ( 4.90 % of entire geographic country ) , consisting 102 National Parks, 515 Wildlife Sanctuaries, 47 Conservation Militias and 4 Community Reserves, 39 Tiger Reserves and 28 Elephant Militias have been designated for species specific direction of tiger and elephant home grounds[ 2 ]. Five protected countries has bee n declared as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. There are 5 classs of the Protected Areas viz, National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere militias, Conservation Reserves and Community Reserves. National PARKS: The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 empowers the province authorities to represent national Parkss. You read "The Government Of India Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" It states, â€Å" whenever it appears to the province authorities that an country whether within a sanctuary or non is by ground of its ecological, faunal, flowered, structural or zoological association or importance needed to be constituted as a national park for the intent of propagating or developing wildlife therein or its environment, it may by presentment declare its purpose to represent such an country as a national park. † In order to represent an country into a national park some processs are expected to follow and few of them are counted below: The aggregator makes an question and hearing for rights and grants after that the province authorities through a specific presentment declares an country to be constituted into a national park. Alterations can be made in the frontiers of the national Parkss merely through a declaration by the legislative assembly of the province. All sorts of devastation, development or remotion of woods merchandises, wildlife, teguments, trophies, or their home ground in a national park is banned and prohibited. In national Parkss cowss croping are non allowed. For the intent of a scientific survey or research the gaining control of animate beings can be done merely with the consent and permission of the Chief Wildlife Warden. Within the bounds of national park no 1 can put to death detonation, execute excavation or breakage of land. Chief Wildlife Warden can curtail the entry of human existences in some certain parts of the national Parkss. Permanent abode is prohibited in the premises of a national park if there is any small town it should be shifted to some other countries. WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES: The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 empowers the province authoritiess to represent an country into a wildlife sanctuary after following the prescribed process for question and hearings into the bing rights and grants if any[ 3 ]. The province can declare an country into a wildlife sanctuary which it thinks can be helpful in protecting, propagating or developing the ecology, vegetations and zoologies, geomorphology, wildlife and its environment. The legal commissariats of the wildlife sanctuaries are given below: An question is made by the aggregator sing the being, nature, and extent of rights of individuals populating on the proposed country on which the province authorities wants to represent a sanctuary. After looking into the issues of the rights of the people whose lands are to be acquired a fresh presentment is issued by the aggregator. Free motion of the people is prohibited inside a sanctuary. But lasting occupant can make so with some conditions that they assist in the sensing of offenses, study about deceasing and dead animate beings and in groking the wrongdoers. For the intent of research, survey, touristry or related activity the permission of the Chief Wildlife Warden must be taken ; it can be charged or may be free. To transport arms inside the sanctuary, permission of the competent authorization must be taken. No commercial activity is allowed in a sanctuary. BIOSPHERE RESERVES: In order to protect the workss and animate beings, preserve their diverseness for the present and future homo usage within their natural ecosystems, this construct of pull offing vegetations and zoologies lead to the outgrowth of biosphere militias. Biosphere militias are protected countries of several tellurian, coastal and marine environments that have been internationally recognised for their value in supplying scientific cognition, accomplishments and human values to back up sustainable development[ 4 ]. From each biosphere militias following three maps are expected to be fulfilled: a preservation map – to lend to the preservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and familial fluctuation[ 5 ], a development map – to further economic and human development which is sociocultural and ecologically sustainable[ 6 ], a logistic map – to supply support for research, monitoring, instruction and information exchange related to local, national and planetary issues of preservation and development[ 7 ]. CONSERVATION RESERVES: They can be declared by the State Governments in any country owned by the Government, peculiarly the countries adjacent to National Parks and Sanctuaries and those countries which link one Protected Area with another, such declaration should be made after holding audiences with the local communities with a intent of protecting landscapes, seascapes, vegetations and zoologies and their home ground[ 8 ]. It does non impact the rights of people populating inside a Conservation Reserve. COMMUNITY RESERVES: They can be declared by the State Government in any private or community land, non comprised within a National Park, Sanctuary or a Conservation Reserve, where an person or a community has volunteered to conserve wildlife and its home ground. Community Reserves are declared for the intent of protecting zoology, vegetation and traditional or cultural preservation values and patterns. As in the instance of a Conservation Reserve, the rights of people populating inside a Community Reserve are non affected. DISTINCTION BETWEEN NATIONAL PARK, SANCTUARY and BIOSPHERE RESERVES: NATIONAL PARK Habitat for peculiar wild carnal species. The general size scope is 0.04 to 3162 sq. kilometer. Boundaries fixed by statute law. Except the buffer zone no biotic intervention. Tourism allowable. Research and scientific direction lacking. So far no cistron pool and preservation. Sanctuary By and large, species-oriented such as citrous fruit, hurler works, etc. The general size scope is 0.61 to 7818 kilometer. Boundaries are non inviolable. Limited biotic intervention. Tourism allowable. Research and scientific direction lacking. So far no cistron pool and preservation. BIOSPHERE RESERVE Ecosystem oriented i.e. all signifiers of life. The general size scope is over 5670 sq. kilometer. Boundaries fixed by statute law. Except the buffer zone, no biotic intervention. Tourism usually non allowable. Managed attending is given. Purpose FOR THE FORMATION OF PROTECTED AREAS AND NATIONAL PARKS: With big regional fluctuations in physical geography, clime and edaphic types as mentioned above, Indian woods offer a broad scope of home ground types, which is responsible for a big assortment of wildlife in India. Wildlife comprises animate beings, birds and insects populating in woods. There are about 76,000 species in India, which is about 82 % of the known life species of the universe. Nature has bequeathed our fatherland with more than two 1000 species of birds, more than five 100 species of mammals and 100s of species of reptilians and amphibious vehicles. As we all know that the forest screen in our state is deteriorating at a really fast gait and because of this wildlife is acquiring grandiose really adversely. The figure of several species has been drastically reduced, some are endangered species and the others are on the brink of extinction while some of them have already disappeared. Some of them are the olympian Lion, elusive Snow Leopard, one-horned Rhinoceros, Elephant, rare lion-tailed Macaque, aureate Eagle, western Tragopan and Monal Pheasant. In order to protect natural flora, wildlife, endangered species, preserve familial diverseness and to keep a balance in ecosystem assorted national Parkss, sanctuaries and biospheres came into being. Indian Board for Wildlife was established in 1952. The chief intent of the board was to rede the Government on the agencies of preservation and protection of wildlife, building of national Parkss, sanctuaries and zoological gardens every bit good as exciting civic awareness vis-a-vis safeguarding of vegetations and zoologies. Then came the Wildlife ( protection ) Act, 1972 which is a comprehensive jurisprudence that gives house position to the national Parkss and sanctuaries and other militias, extends statutory precautions to the full geographical country, prescribe potent control over the trade and traffic in wild animate beings and carnal articles puting down hindrance penalties for the reprobates. Threatened and disappearing species of vegetations and zoologies have been taken under the horizon of this act. Some other grounds which are really much responsible for the formation of protected countries to protect and conserve our bio-diversity are devastation of wild workss of woods for lumber, wood coal and firewood frequently deprives wild animate beings their most toothsome nutrient and affects their endurance, absence of screens or shelter to wild animate beings, noise pollution by different conveyance media and fouling river H2O have adversely affected wild animate beings runing methods of all sorts and for any intent ( that is, nutrient, diversion, pelt, feather, ivory, horn etc. ) . How to cite The Government Of India Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Circular Economy Globalization

Question: Discuss about theCircular Economyfor Globalization. Answer: Introduction In this era if globalization, organizations have expanded in different parts of the world. The economies of various countries have expanded and the demand has increased exponentially. It is practically not possible to keep serving the demands of global population without sustainable development and recycling and these two concepts are the basis of circular economy. A circular economy seeks to rebuild capital, whether this is financial, manufactured, human, social or natural (Tukker, 2015). This ensures enhanced flows of goods and services. The objective of this report is to discuss the key benefits of circular economy. This report would discuss the key potential of the circular economy and the benefit that this system can bring for Australian companies. The report is based on the retail industry and it would focus on the ways that can enable the firms in the retail industry to gain competitive advantage through circular economy. Analysis The circular economy is a relatively new concept. The companies in the retail industry in Australia may not be using this concept much. However, the companies in retail industry in America and Europe have already started to focus on circular economy. It is expected that the trend of circular economy would pickup in Australia and there would be more and more firms in Australia that would start focusing on circular economy (Geng, 2016). The companies in the Australian retail segment may be particularly interested in the circular economy as there are various benefits like optimization, cost reduction, etc. The benefits of circular industry for the organizations in retail industry in Australia can be discussed as: Benefits of Circular Economy It is important to mention that circular economy is much more than recycling of goods. It is correct that the environmental impacts are definitely a major benefit of circular economy. However, there also exist various other benefits of circular economy that organizations in retail industry in Australia can not ignore (Golev Corder, 2016). The key benefits of circular economy for the organizations in retail industry can be discussed as: Optimization of Resources With the basic philosophy of circular economy, the organizations can optimize the use of resources. It means that the organizations in retail industry can actually produce more with the same set of resources and it would eventually improve the overall productivity of the organization. Cost Benefits With the focus on circular economy, organizations can actual save certain costs. Usually, organizations would have two types of costs (Halog, 2015). These would be capital expenditure and operation expenditure. The organizations may not be able to optimize the capital expenses. However, the circular economy would definitely provide a platform where the organizations can reduce its operational expenses. This is done through various optimization techniques such as waste management, recycling, multiple use of resources, etc. Sustainable development It is believed that the path of sustainable development could be achieved with the basic philosophy of circular economy. Therefore, it would be correct to say that sustainable development and circular economy goes hand in hand and in fact, circular economy could just be a way to practice sustainable development in the organization. Circular Economy and Competitive Advantage The companies would be able to practice and implement the principles of circular economy only when they realize the value that could be derived from circular economy. It can be said that the organizational design is the key for circular economy. Before focusing on competitive advantage through circular economy, the organizations should have an effective and flexible organizational design. While Winslow Taylor and Henri Fayol significantly impacted how organizations function with the ultimate objective of sustainable development, Elton Mayo impacted contemporary organizational design the most. Fayol took Taylors work and expanded it to eventually create what is the foundation for modern organizational management. There was not a lot of focus on worker satisfaction, but more on structure and management. Although hierarchal structures suggested by Fayol still work in many organizations, such as the military, organizations needed to change when the environment changed. Mayo focused on ho w worker satisfaction affected productivity. He believed that workers, and society in general, were happiest and most productive when conflict was minimal and people had a sense of security, both mentally and economically (Ionescu Negrusa, 2013). Mayo realized that people needed to know they had a place and were important, and that security and general satisfaction in their workplace made them more productive. More secure, happy people equal a more industrious environment. The strategic management theories around competitive advantage suggests that organizations would usually have competitive advantage through one of the two ways of product or service differentiation and cost leadership. With the circular economy, organizations may be able to use cost leadership as competitive advantage (Golev Corder, 2016). With the focus on circular economy, the organizations in retail industry can actually reduce the cost of operations and this could result in competitive advantage through cost leadership. Challenges of Circular Economy It is correct that circular economy has various benefits for multiple stakeholders like organizations, governments and society at large. However, there also exist several challenges of circular economy. One of the biggest challenge is that it may not be easy to change the organizational design or to align the organisational design with the basic theme or philosophy of circular economy (Halog, 2015). Organizational design and development centres around the idea of planned change interventions which should improve the long-term health and performance of any organization. One key factor is that top management must actually buy into the long-range approach to change. Organizational design in todays society has grown to take many factors into consideration when assessing the way organizations should be structured to meet the demands of change. The other key challenge could be the change management challenge. There are several significant elements that ensure successful change in an organization. However, management has to understand that in order for significant change to take place the organization must do an overall assessment of where the organization needs to improvement. With the many dynamics in business today organizations are seeking innovated ways to remain on the cutting edge; out front of the customers. Hass Krausmann (2016) argued that conducting an organizational assessment to determine if and where change is necessary is very important. Organizations should conduct such assessments periodically, perhaps as part of their annual strategic planning activities. According to Kraatz and Zajac (2001), Strategic change has been recognized as an important phenomenon because it represents the means through which organizations maintain coalignment with shifting competitive, technological, and social environments which occasionally pose threats to their continued survival and effectiveness (p. 632). Conclusion and Recommendations The above report discusses the various aspects of circular economy. With the above discussion it can be said that there are various benefits of circular economy; however it is not easy to implement the practices or philosophies of circular economy. Therefore, it is important that the organizations in retail industry and other industries should identify the way to overcome the challenges before taking the steps to implement the basic principles of circular economy. Some of the recommendations for the organizations in the retail industry can be discussed as: It is recommended that the organizations must take the inputs from various stakeholders of the organization. The internal stakeholders like employees are the key (Haas Krausmann, 2016). The organizations in retail industry, the big or the small retail stores should not avoid the discussion with any of the stakeholders before following the principles of circular economy. It is recommended that the organizations should have a structured approach to change management that occurs with the implementation of circular economy. observed that organizations seeking change gothrough a series of steps: idea generation, determination of need, buildingsupport, implementation, and obtaining resources. Idea generation anddetermining need are obviously important, as without good ideas that advance anorganizations goals, nothing will change (Golev Corder, 2016).Implementation and obtaining resources are also obviouslyimportant. After all, without the properfinancial resources, material and equipment, and staff development, even thebest of ideas is doomed to failure. It is recommended that the organizations in retail industry should take a small and gradual steps with circular economy (Figueroa, 2015). The big bang approach may not be the recommended approach. It is important that the organizations should define the small targets and then the progress of the company should be measured against the defined targeted state. The small organizations in the retail industry can also use benchmarking to benchmark their operations and practices against the practices of large organizations in the global retail industry. References Geng, Y., Sarkis, J. and Ulgiati, S., 2016. Sustainability, well-being, and the circular economy in China and worldwide.Science, (6278 (Suppl.)), pp.73-76. Genovese, A., Acquaye, A.A., Figueroa, A. and Koh, S.L., 2015. Sustainable supply chain management and the transition towards a circular economy: Evidence and some applications.Omega. Golev, A. and Corder, G., 2016. Modelling metal flows in the Australian economy.Journal of Cleaner Production,112, pp.4296-4303. Haas, W., Krausmann, F., Wiedenhofer, D. and Heinz, M., 2016. How Circular Is the Global Economy? A Sociometabolic Analysis. InSocial Ecology(pp. 259-275). Springer International Publishing. Ionescu, G. G., Negrusa, A. L. (2013). Elton Mayo, an enthusiastical managerial philosopher. Review of International Comparative Management / Revista De Management Comparat International, 14(5), 671-688. Kraatz, M. S., Zajac, E. J. 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